On the classification of locatives in Turkish: a novel analysis of internal modifiers - Kuram, Kadri; Kuram, Kadri (Lambert Academic Publishing, 2006)
This book deals with the syntactic properties of locative phrases in Turkish. For the sake of convenience for the reader, it also covers such minor aspects of syntax as binding, scrambling, scope and predication.
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………iv Dedication……………………………………………………………………..…v List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………vi A word on scientific ethics..……………………………………………………vii An Introduction 1. Subject………………………………………………………………………...1 2. Purpose………………………………………………………………………..1 3. Scope and Constraint…………………………………………………….……1 4. Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………….2 4.1 Universal Grammar………………………………………………………….2 4.2 X-bar Theory…………………………………………………………..…….2 4.3 Movement……………………………………………....................................4 4.4 Scrambling……………………………………...............................................6 4.5 Scope…………………………………….......................................................7 4.6 Binding………………………………............................................................8 4.7 An Overview of the Book………..................................................................10 SECTION ONE SYNTACTIC ASPECTS OF LOCATIVES 1.1 Locatives as Modifiers………………………………………………….….11 1.2 Semantic Contribution of Locatives and a Proper Classification……….….11 ii 1.3 A Literature review for Locatives……………………………………...…..14 SECTION TWO SYNTACTIC PROPERTIES OF LOCATIVES 2.1 External Modifier >Object> Internal Modifier………………….………….16 2.1.1 Focus Projection…………………………………………………...……..16 2.1.2 Quantifier Scope…………………………...……………………………..17 2.1.3 Principle C Effect…………………………..…………………………….20 2.1.4 Remnant Topicalization……………………...…………………………...21 2.2 Frame Setting Modifier > External Modifier…...………………………….22 2.2.1 The Scope Test………………………………..………………………….22 2.2.2 Principle C Effect……………………………….………………………..25 SECTION THREE TESTING THE TESTS IN TURKISH 3.1 Transitive Verbs…………………………………..………………………..27 3.1.1 Focus Projection Test……………………………..…….………………..27 3.1.2 Quantifier Scope…………………………………...……………………..29 3.1.3 Remnant Topicalization…………………………………………………..34 3.1.4 Principle C Effect…………………………………..…………………….37 3.2 LOCATIVES IN OTHER SENTENCE TYPES……...……………………39 3.2.1 Unaccusative, Unergative and Passive Sentences…..……………………39 iii 3.2.2 Causative Sentences………………………………….…………………..51 3.2.2.1 External Modifiers………………………………….…………………..51 3.2.2.2 Internal Modifiers…………………………………..…………………..57 3.3 Interpreting the Data………………………………………………………..59 3.3.1 Locatives in Transitive Sentences………………………………………..59 3.3.2 Locatives in Other Sentence Types…………………..…………………..60 SECTION FOUR AN (ALMOST) NEW ANALYSIS FOR INTERNAL MODIFIERS 4.1 Locatives and Small Clause Predicate Analysis……………………………64 4.1.1 Do Locatives Denote Location Only? …………………...………………64 4.1.2 What is Small Clause? ...............................................................................65 4.1.3. Locatives as Small Clause Predicates……………………...…………….69 4.2 Justification…………………………………………………...…………….70 4.2.1 Adverbs/Modifiers…………………………………………..……………70 4.2.2 Existential Quantifier bir and the Small Clause Analysis………………..72 4.2.3 Floating Quantifiers…………………………………………...……….…76 4.2.4 Constituent Analysis…………………………………………...…………78 4.2.5 Underspecification of Internal Modifiers………………………..……….81 4.3 Internal Structure and Derivation of Small Clause Internal Modifiers….…83 4.4 Some Implicative Consequences of the Small Clause Analysis………….. 86 4.5. Result……………………………………………………………………....89 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………....91
Keywords: Turkish; Locative; Small clause; Modifier