Recent progress in shape-stable porous polymer foam-based composite phase change materials for efficient thermal energy storage

Abstract

Phase change materials (PCMs) are becoming more common in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) applications and are important to the next generation of ecologically friendly and dependable energy systems. The primary challenges to PCMs practical uses include leakage, inadequate heat transmission, and insufficient stability over time. Polymerized high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) is gaining popularity for its ability to create 3D porous structures and store thermal energy, making it ideal for shape-stabilized PCMs (SSPCMs) with improved thermal effectiveness and structural stability for efficient TES applications. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in PolyHIPE-based SSPCMs for latent heat TES. It presents a comprehensive discussion on PolyHIPE architectures and fabrication strategies, together with a critical analysis of the structure–property relationships governing PCM loading, latent heat storage, leakage resistance, thermal conductivity, and cycling stability. A comparative assessment of thermal performance enhancement strategies, including conductive fillers and functional modifications, is also provided to highlight their effectiveness and limitations. Finally, the review discusses the key challenges facing PolyHIPE-based SSPCMs and proposes a future roadmap toward scalable, multifunctional, and sustainable materials for practical thermal energy storage applications.