THE FACTORS THAT THREATEN THE MIGRATORY BIRDS

Abstract

Birds differ from other animals with their many differences morphological and biological features. Many bird species have adapted to living in water, on land and in the air with these features. Feathers covering the bodies are not found in any other animal group. There are between 8500 and 10000 bird species in the world. In Turkey, there are 487 species of birds. Another important reason that is been much of the bird species in Turkey, Turkey have two major bird migration that passing through Anatolia's. But Birds, which are an important part of biodiversity, are threatened by many different factors both in local habitats and during migration. Due to these factors, some bird species' populations decrease while some species decrease globally. In this study, the factors that threaten birds on a global scale are compiled and recommendations are made about the measures that can be taken in line with the results obtained. Factors that threaten birds can be listed as follows.1. Natural Enemies2. Climate Conditions3. Natural disastersa) Hurricanes, storms and other strong windsb) Snowstorm, extreme coldc) Earthquakes and landslidesd) Volcano eruptionse) Floods and tsunamisf) Natural forest firesg) Drought and heat waves4. Human Influencea) Destruction of Living Areas· Environmental pollution· Industrialization· Urbanization· Destruction of forests:b) Large Scale Commercial Investments· Dams and Hydroelectric power stations· Thermal power plants· High voltage lines· Wind Turbines· Airports and highways:c) Agricultural applications· Barbed wires· Drying of wetlands· Pesticidesd) Hunting As a result of the researches, the factors that threaten the birds are listed as natural enemies, climate conditions, natural disasters and human. It is emphasized that the most dangerous of these factors is human and the reduction of human factors is the most effective way to protect birds. Nevertheless, some measures to be taken to protect birds against natural factors can be listed as follows.1. Control of populations against any epidemic diseases in domestic bird populations and application of disinfection where possible,2. Reducing the populations of overgrowing predators, provided that the natural balance is not disturbed,3. In case of climatic events (drought, snow, cold), which exceed the seasonal norms and reach a level that threatens the birds, the provision of supplementary nutrients, water and artificial shelter (bird's nest, birdhouse) to the habitats,4. Improving the habitats as soon as possible after taking into account the magnitude of the damage after natural disasters and providing the necessary needs for birds in the area (water, food, etc.).5. To create donation campaigns and public opinion to support rescue organizations in the affected areas in natural disasters to support rescue projects, to support volunteers, 6. Support renewal conservation efforts such as habitat restoration after natural disaster or captive bird breeding programs

Biyolojik çeşitliliğin önemli parçası olan kuşlar hem yerel yaşam alanlarında hem de göç esnasında birçok farklı etmen tarafından tehdit edilmektedir. Bu etmenler sebebi ile bazı kuş türlerinin popülasyonları azalırken bazı türlerde küresel ölçekli azalmalar görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile küresel ölçekli olarak kuşları tehdit eden etmenler derlenmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda alınabilecek önlemler hakkında öneriler yapılmıştır. Araştırmalar sonucunda kuşları tehdit eden faktörler doğal düşmanlar, iklim şartları, doğal afetler ve insanlar olarak sıralanmıştır. Bu faktörlerden en tehlikelisinin insan olduğu ve kuşları korumak için insan kaynaklı faktörlerin azaltılmasının en etkili yol olduğu vurgulanmıştır.