Comparative study of concrete properties using basalt, barite, pumice, and marble aggregates subjected to extreme temperatures

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of replacing conventional limestone aggregate with basalt, barite, marble, and pumice on the engineering properties and durability of concrete. The aggregates were used as either fine aggregate replacements or as replacements for both fine and coarse aggregates. The concrete specimens produced were subjected to a comprehensive testing program, including tests for unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption, and apparent porosity. To evaluate the performance under extreme conditions, specimens were exposed to high temperatures of 600 degrees C and 800 degrees C, with both air and water cooling, and to 300 freeze-thaw cycles. The residual properties, including strength, UPV, and mass loss, were analyzed. The results showed a strong correlation between aggregate type and concrete properties. Basalt aggregates consistently produced the highest compressive and splitting tensile strengths, while pumice aggregate resulted in the lowest. Pumice-based concretes, however, showed superior durability against freeze-thaw cycles, with the lowest mass loss and highest durability factor. Barite aggregate yielded the highest unit weight, and all specimens exposed to high temperatures experienced a strength reduction, with basalt concretes retaining the highest residual strength. In conclusion, the use of alternative aggregates significantly influences concrete performance. While basalt provides superior mechanical properties, pumice offers unique benefits in freeze-thaw durability, highlighting its potential as a functional alternative in specific applications.