Evaluation of Narrations Related to Tie The Hands in Salat in The Context Of Hadith Fiqh

Abstract

The second source of Islam, after the Qur'an, is the words and deeds of the Prophet. As it is a source and evidence for fiqh rules, various school have always taken the sunnah of the Prophet as a basis while making jurisprudence inferences. The actions that the prophet did not know while praying, and which he performed completely in accordance with Allah's orders and prohibitions, are mentioned in various hadith books. One of his narrated hadiths about salat is that he holds his left hand with his right hand while qiyam. In this study, the narrations about the tying of the hands in salat are evaluated in the context of hadith fiqh. Technical information such as the place of the related hadiths in the classification, their value in terms of authenticity and the criticism of the narrators in terms of jarh and ta'dil are primarily handled. The hadiths that fiqh sects refer to and the provisions they put forward are presented with a critical point of view. In the narration texts, a lot of information is given about the way the prophet performed the salat. In this study, rather than the information in the narrations about where the prophet put his hands in salat, it is evaluated whether there is a hand-tied in salat or not. Due to the abundance of narrations, th first three centuries were evaluated and only the merfu hadiths were examined. Due to the similarity between them, some mursal narrations were also mentioned from time to time regardless of the promissory note criticism. The narrators, whose names are mentioned in the promissory note of the narrations, are shown in the promissory note network in order to obtain a holistic perspective. By specifying the jarh and ta'dil words, the reliability of the narrators was revealed by examining the tabaqat books. Thus, this study was shaped by induction Method by analyzing and fiqh opinions. According to the majority of fiqh sects, it is sunnah to put the right hand on the left hand after the initial takbir in salat. There are different provisions redarding the condition of the hands in fard and al-nafl salat in the Maliki sects, which is excluded from the jumhur. Accordingly, it is considered makruh to tie the hand in the fard of salat, and in the salat al-nafl it is considered appropriate to rest in case of prolonged qiyam. While basing his opinion, the jumhur cited a number of hadiths that we discussed in our study as evidence. In the Maliki sect, on the other hand, it is based on the view attributed to Malik b. Anas, the founder of the sect, rather than the merfu hadiths. However, when Malik' work called Muwatta is examined, it is seen that there are two merfu hadiths about the need to tie the hands in salat. In this case, it is understood that there is a contradiction in the view advocated by the Maliki sect. The findings show that there may be two reasons for this discrepancy. The first is that Malik developed some practices that are inconsistent with the hadiths he narrated in his work Muwatta. So much so that Malik has become the focus of criticism from time to time due to his inconsistency. The second is the view that Malik may have abandoned this sunnah due to an excuse, although it was determined by the sunnah. As a matter of fact, it is mentioned in many sources that Malik could not tie his hands in salat as a result of the mihna incident he experienced. However, different views have been expressed about Malik's mihna period. It was stated that during the mihna period, Malik was subjected to torture because he narrated a hadith that invalidated the talaq of someone who divorced his wife under duress. In some sources, it is stated that Malik was subjected to this torture because of this fatwa stating that the oath made under duress was invalid. This fatwa of Malik was evaluated as a threat to political authority by the Abbasid administration. It has been claimed that Malik, who was ultimately tortured, did not have the opportunity to tie his hands in salat. In later periods, late scholars of the Maliki sect tried to justify the tying of the hands in salat with fiqh evidence.