Effect of various factors on heat transfer characteristics of steady magnetohydrodynamic casson nanofluid (Cu+Water) between two infinite parallel plates by Akbari Ganji's method considering Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

Abstract

In this study, the influence of various factors on the heat transfer characteristics of the steady magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid (Cu+Water) between two infinite parallel plates considering the Cattaneo– Christov heat flux model is explored by means of the Akbari Ganji’s Method. The values of Nusselt number * N<inf>u</inf> are also determined for different values of viscosity, magnetic, and volume fraction parameters and various metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles (NPs). The findings reveal that the temperature profile (TP) decreases with rising casson fluid and thermal relaxation parameters. However, an increment in the TP is detected for large values of the volume fraction parameter, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, and Eckert number. It is found that the * N<inf>u</inf> varies proportionally with the viscosity and volume fraction parameters, but it is inversely proportional to the magnetic parameter. The results also show that different metallic and nonmetallic NPs have different values of * Nu . © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.