Gaslighting at work questionnaire: Turkish adaptation and psychometric evaluation among nurses

Abstract

This study aimed to adapt the Gaslighting at Work Questionnaire (GWQ) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties among a sample of nurses in T & uuml;rkiye. A methodological, cross-sectional study was conducted with 606 nurses between June 1 and 15, 2025. Data were collected online via social media and professional platforms using Microsoft Forms. The GWQ and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for stress were administered. The sample was randomly split for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Construct validity was assessed using EFA and CFA, and internal consistency was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined using Composite Reliability (CR), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. EFA supported a two-factor structure, explaining 75.9% of the total variance. One item was removed due to low factor loading. CFA confirmed the model with acceptable fit indices (x & sup2;/df = 2.70, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.03, TLI = 0.97, GFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.96). CR values were 0.91 and 0.90, and AVE values were 0.64 and 0.63 for the two subscales. Both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were above 0.85 for each subscale. The Turkish version of the GWQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing workplace gaslighting among nurses. Healthcare professionals and administrators can use it to identify manipulative behaviors in clinical settings and promote psychological safety in the workplace.