Redesigning rural space through smart ecotourism villages: A model proposal based on TOE theory

Abstract

The transformation of ecotourism villages supported by innovative technologies in rural areas is becoming increasingly critical for bridging the urban-rural divide and achieving sustainable development goals. In today's rapidly evolving world, smart ecotourism villages are expected to significantly influence the future of rural tourism activities and ecotourist preferences. The transformation of ecotourism villages with smart technological infrastructure is essential for the efficient use of resources and the long-term sustainability of rural settlements. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework for smart ecotourism villages by integrating the Technology-organization-environment (TOE) theory with spatial justice and counter-space approaches. A qualitative research design was adopted based on thematic content analysis of secondary data sources. The findings indicate that ICT infrastructure, local participation, ecological sustainability, and organizational capacity are key to successful transformation processes. The proposed model conceptualizes smart ecotourism villages as hybrid socio-technological spaces that foster participatory governance and digital inclusion.