Sustainable thermoregulation for energy-efficient buildings: A review of gypsum-based phase change materials

Abstract

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are gaining popularity in building industry owing to their capacity to store and emit heat during phase transitions, thereby successfully regulating interior temperatures. PCMs significantly improve the thermal performance of building materials, particularly gypsum-based composites, due to their capacity to store excess heat during warm periods and releasing it during cold periods. Incorporating PCMs within gypsum boards is a passive technique for lowering peak heating and cooling loads while increasing energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort. Considering the capacity to reduce cooling demands by 7-20%, PCMgypsum composites are becoming more popular in energy-efficient building design. Especially in regions with significant temperature swings, PCMs' latent heat storage stabilizes interior temperatures and lessens the need for HVAC systems. To maintain the strength and durability over time, it is essential to handle concerns such as diminished compressive strength, heightened moisture retention, and climate-dependent efficacy. This paper examines the impact of incorporating PCMs into gypsum composites on their thermophysical and mechanical characteristics, strategies for optimizing mix design, conducting economic and environmental investigations, challenges associated with PCM integration, and potential future advancements. Advancements in PCM technology and materials engineering will be essential for enhancing the efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness of PCM-gypsum composites for high-performance application towards zero energy buildings initiatives.