Use of Q Methodology In Nursing Care: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Objective: This review aims to assess the current literature on the research of Q methodology within nursing care. Design: This is a scoping review of the literature utilizing the updated Levac et al framework. Methods: A search of the PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for peer-reviewed, English research published between 2017 and 2022. A comprehensive search of English language journal articles was conducted for Q methodology studies published between 2017-2022 that used nursing care. Data were extracted using a modified version of the Assessment Review Instrument for Q Methodology. Results: The search retrieved a total of 1339 articles. Twenty articles met the criteria for inclusion in this study. While 12 of the included studies evaluated nurses' perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors towards care, 7 articles examined the patient's subjective perception and experience of care. In one study, the perceptions of both the patients and the nurses were reported together. It was determined that all of the studies included in the scoping review were in adult patients, and most of them were for patient-centered care. Conclusion: There is limited research on the use of Q methodology in nursing. Using of Q methodology in nursing practice can help to identify different perspectives. Thus, it can be possible to provide patient-centered care. Moreover, Q methodology is a user-friendly approach as it does not require a large sample size. The use of the Q methodology can be an advantage in providing a more holistic and innovative view of the need for long-term care. Effective identification of emotions, perceptions, and attitudes can be a guide to the planning and delivery of appropriate nursing care. Additionally, this study enhances nurses' awareness of Q methodology and guides designing studies using this approach.