Climate-Smart Landscapes for Sustainable Cities

Abstract

Landscape has a multifunctional structure. It is defined as a mosaic of ecological, social and socio-ecological processes and the different uses of land based on the interactions between these processes. In this context, landscape scale takes into consideration the different uses of land and their interactions for determining the synergies between multiple targets. Whereas the social, economic and environmental goals in addition to the landscape actions and processes encompassing reduction of climate change and climate compatible approach goals are taken into consideration within the framework of Climate-Smart Landscape Approach. The other goals are related with ecosystem service functioning and quality of life. In this scope, smart applications at the agricultural landscape scale, attaining the variety of land use in landscape for resilience along with management of land use interactions for social, economic and ecological effects are defined as the characteristics of Climate-Smart Landscapes (CSLs). In this regard, integrated landscape management is of importance for obtaining sustainable landscapes. CSLs are multifunctional and operate in accordance with the principles of integrated landscape management principles. It is focused on adaptation to climate change and developing low emission. The gestion de terroirs (GT) approach applied for setting forth goals related with food production, biological diversity or the protection of the ecosystem and rural sources of living is supportive for encouraging CSLs applications. The synergies between climate change and smart landscapes are of significant importance with regard to the smart and sustainable city concept for both research studies and applications. Climate change and adaptation gives priority to innovative design approaches which make smart use of resources while also ensuring technological integration. In this context; coastal resilience, rain garden, biophilic design, xeriscape and climate-smart agriculture applications have been examined in the present research via smart climate landscape design approach for sustainable cities with focus on innovative solutions. In conclusion, the contributions of CSLs to the climate change adaptation period have been evaluated with dimensions of reducing energy consumption, saving water, reducing the effects of climate change, reducing carbon emission, providing human-environment interaction and increasing the quality of life. © 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.