Complete intra-annual cycle of leaf area index in a Platanus orientalis L. stand

Abstract

Leaf area index (LAI) analysis of deciduous forest trees is usually restricted to seasonal monitoring involving the assessment of distinct leaf phenological stages within definite time intervals of the year. However, continuous LAI monitoring that includes entire leaf periods is necessary to define the ecophysiological characteristics of deciduous trees. Therefore, this study investigated the intra-annual cycle of the LAI for a Platanus orientalis L. stand in the Bartin watershed of Turkey. A complete cycle involves three periods: foliation, stable, and defoliation. The foliation period comprises budburst, leaf emergence and flushing sessions, whereas the defoliation period consists of leaf senescence and leaf fall sessions. The stable period is in between these two periods when LAI values are at a climax around maximum. Eight points were determined in the field for the analysis of LAI by a hemispherical photography technique. Over a relatively frequent schedule, photographs were taken almost weekly during the foliation period. Both weekly and approximate monthly photographs were applied during the stable period. Finally, near-monthly photographs were taken for the defoliation period. The foliation period lasted for about 1.5 months from mid-April to May with the mean LAI reaching from 0.16 up to 2.38. Mean LAI was between 2.38 and 2.47 for a stable period over 2 months (June and July). For the defoliation period, mean LAI dropped from 2.42 down to 0.35 over 5 months from August to December. The total foliated period was more than 8 months, which is relatively long for a temperate forest. In addition, correlations between mean LAI and maximum, mean and minimum temperatures were highly significant (P < 0.01) with coefficients (r) of 0.79, 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. By describing the intra-annual LAI pattern, this study fills a gap in the literature on the phenology of Platanus orientalis L.