Steps towards localization in disaster governance: A study focusing on earthquakes

Abstract

The study examines the effects of localization in disaster governance through earthquakes. Whilst local civil society organizations and communities have been identified as playing a leading role in the process of localization, the study has focused primarily on the role and responsibilities of local governments (LG) before and after an earthquake have been defined. The initial section of this four-part study sets out the conceptual framework, which is then built upon in subsequent sections and examines the roles and relationships of LG’s in disaster governance. The third chapter examines New Zealand, Chile, Italy, Greece, Iran, China, Japan, South Korea and Indonesia-all of which are unitary states that are most frequently affected by earthquakes-and assesses policy shifts towards decentralization in these countries' disaster government systems. In addition, the study comprises a dedicated section on Turkey, with a particular emphasis on localization-based regulations in the post-earthquake context of 6 February, evaluates the countries examined and makes recommendations for Turkey. Ultimately, a gradual transition is proposed rather than radical reforms regarding localization. Based on the literature, it is evident that countries which have achieved success in the localization of disaster governance today have shifted their focus towards community-based and inclusive policies.