Civil Society in Action: Examining CSOs' Influence on Higher Education Policy in Turkey

Abstract

This study examines the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in shaping higher education policies in Turkey, focusing on their strategies, challenges, and influence within a highly centralized governance framework. Using qualitative methods, including document analysis of 68 studies and semi-structured interviews with representatives from nine CSOs, the research spans the period from 2007 to 2020, encompassing significant reforms in Turkey's higher education system. Findings reveal that while CSOs exhibit strong institutional capacities and play critical roles in agenda-setting and policy evaluation, their influence is constrained by the statist reflex which limits participation in areas challenging state control, such as autonomy and governance reforms. Despite these barriers, CSOs have effectively shaped public discourse, introduced incremental policy changes, and demonstrated resilience in a challenging political environment. The findings underscore the dual potential of CSOs as both agents of change and symbols of constrained democratization in Turkey.