Data-Driven Analysis of Non-Technical Losses in Low-Voltage Networks: A Case Study of Bartin, Turkey

Abstract

The ongoing digital transformation of Turkey's electricity infrastructure has enabled the widespread collection of high-resolution data within low-voltage distribution networks. This study applies a data-driven methodology to assess energy losses in Bartin, Turkey, using hourly data from 172 substations and 3,416 customer smart meters for the year 2024. Technical losses were estimated based on network parameters, while deviations beyond a 0-3% benchmark were analyzed to identify potential non-technical losses, including metering inaccuracies, undocumented loads, and energy theft. The analysis was implemented in MATLAB, generating visualizations to support decision-making. Results revealed 14 substations with significant nontechnical losses, providing actionable insights for targeted field inspections and improving transparency for the regional Distribution System Operator (DSO). © 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.