Associations between fear of falling, dual task performance, participation and activity: A cross-sectional study in older adults

Abstract

Fear of falling (Fof) is frequent in older adults and often limits mobility and participation. Understanding how Fof relates to dual-task (DT) performance, activity, and participation may help identify targets for interventions aimed at preserving independence in aging populations. The purpose of this study is to assess the association between Fof, DT performance, participation and activity in older adults. A total of 101 participants (mean age 73.44 ± 5.53 years; 68.3% female) participated in this cross-sectional study. To comprehensively assess functional status, Fof was measured using the Falls Efficacy Scale–International (FES-I). DT performance was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) administered under single-task (ST), motor dual-task (MDT), and cognitive dual-task (CDT) conditions. Balance performance was assessed with the functional reach test (FRT). In addition, levels of activity and participation were determined using the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire (Ox-PAQ). Significant associations were found between Ox-PAQ total and subdomain scores and FES-I and TUGT scores under all conditions (p < 0.05). Ox-PAQ scores and TUGT times differed significantly across low, moderate, and high Fof groups (p < 0.05). The findings of the present study indicate significant associations between fear of falling, balance performance, and levels of activity and participation in community-residing older adults.