Echoes of autism in family life: Neurotypical siblings' perspectives

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder impacts not only the diagnosed individual but also their family members, particularly neurotypical siblings. While international research on siblings of autistic individuals has expanded, studies in Türkiye remain scarce and predominantly quantitative. This study aimed to explore in depth the lived experiences of neurotypical siblings, focusing on family dynamics, sibling relationships, coping mechanisms, and social life. METHODS: A qualitative approach grounded in interpretative phenomenological analysis was adopted. 9 neurotypical siblings of individuals with autism participated. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, recorded, transcribed verbatim, and repeatedly reviewed for familiarity. Meaningful segments were coded, grouped into categories, and synthesized into overarching themes. Direct quotations were used to capture participants' emotional expressions, with all identifiers anonymized. As a qualitative study, no statistical analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The analysis revealed 4 major themes and 10 sub-themes. Sibling relationships were described as complex and fluid, marked by both closeness and distance. Communication barriers, behavioral difficulties, and disruptive or aggressive actions were highlighted as challenges that strained interactions and daily routines. Participants reported heightened family responsibilities, including caregiving and protective roles, alongside parental expectations that exceeded typical sibling duties. Despite these burdens, many siblings developed coping strategies and reported personal growth, such as enhanced empathy, patience, resilience, and responsibility. In social contexts, they encountered stigma, exclusion, and misunderstanding, yet continued to seek acceptance and support. CONCLUSIONS: The experiences of neurotypical siblings of individuals with autism embody a dual reality of strain and growth. These findings underscore the need to acknowledge siblings' support requirements and to integrate their perspectives into holistic, family-centered autism services.